Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. At this level, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is directed towards understanding and creating improved materials, devices, and systems that exploit these new properties. It is expected to result in cleaner and less wasteful methods of manufacture, stronger and lighter building materials, smaller yet faster computers, and more powerful ways to detect and treat disease. Nanotechnology promises exciting break through and sustainable future.

This paper fundamentally covers how nanotechnology can be envisaged as a green alternative in different aspects

• nanoparticle synthesis – by green route
• Use of metal nanoparticles and nano clay as additives in polymer nanocomposites - special applications with respect to composites in packaging
• Minimizing the use of non-biodegradable plastics (thermoplastic & thermosetting) and replacing them to some extent with biodegradable plastics and biopolymers
• Tailor made applications and future needs