The study attempts to give a comprehensive account of socio-economic and ecological aspects of the fisheries and management in Pechiparai reservoir of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu by analysing the data obtained both using primary and from secondary sources. It is unique in terms of demographics - sparsely populated reservoir periphery, very low primary productivity, relatively less diversity in fish species and a typical institutional arrangement for benefit sharing and marketing (share system).  Increase in fish seed stocking and fishing effort through share fishing system has increased the total fish catch of the reservoir from an average of 3.5 kg/hectare/year (1962-1980) to an average of 13 kg/hectare/year (1981 to 2015) due to considerable contribution by stocked varieties especially Indian Major Carps. However, regression analysis revealed that there is no significant relationship between fish seed stocking and fish catch in the reservoir. Underlining the limitations of present stock enhancement program, the study emphasises the possibilities of eco-tourism and sport fishing, for creating sustainable livelihoods based on further detailed scientific investigations on the socio-ecology of the reservoir region.