Phytochemical Analysis of Hot Petroleum ether Extracts of Piper nigrum
Aditi Gupta1*, Monika Gupta1and Sudhakar Gupta1
1Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144 806 Punjab India
http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.8.1.18
The genus Piperbelongs to family piperaceae which has over 700 species distributed in both hemispheres. The piperaceae family is a source of many biologically active photochemical with tremendous potential for medicinal uses. A wide range of secondary metabolites mainly alkaloids, amides and terpenes are reported from the various species of piper which are of great economical and medicinal importance. This paper reports the isolation of various sesqueterpenes such as δ–elemene, δ–cadinene, α–copane, caryophyllene, α–caryophyllene, β–bisabolene, and methyl benzene from the oil of the hot petroleum ether extract ofPiper nigrumseeds. These phytochemicals are analysed by GC-MS spectral analysis.
Piper Nigrum; Dried Fruits; Volatile Oil; GC-MS
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Gupta A, Gupta M, Gupta S. Phytochemical Analysis of Hot Petroleum ether Extracts of Piper nigrum. Curr World Environ 2013;8(1) DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.8.1.18
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Gupta A, Gupta M, Gupta S. Phytochemical Analysis of Hot Petroleum ether Extracts of Piper nigrum. Curr World Environ 2012;8(1). Curr World Environ 2013;8(1). Available from://www.a-i-l-s-a.com/?p=3214
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Introduction
Piper nigrum, belongto family piperaceae is a monoecious, perennial climbing herb, native of Southern India and Srilanka, cultivated in tropical regions.1It is found in vast altitudinal diversity and shows great adaptability to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions which leads to interspecies diversity.2Various pharmacological activitiessuch as antimicrobial,3analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, CNS depressant,4antimutagenic,5antioxidant and radical scavanging,6antiinsecticidal,7synergist,8allelopathic9and antirheumatism1have been reported. It is found to be helpful in reducing pain, chills, flu, colds, feverand muscular aches.1The dried fruits act as a source of medicine for aphrodisiac, carminative, antiseptic, diuretic, galactagogic and emmenagogic.11The aromatic fruits are used as spices and unripe fruit is a source of black pepper.10It has many physiological activities and therefore is of high commercial, economic and medicinal importance.12During our research for novel bioactive natural products, the seeds of the plant are soxhalated with various organic solvents. All the extracts were showing the potential for further treatment. The petroleum ether extract after keeping untouched for twenty days, separated into thick lower solid portion and upper oily fraction. The oily fraction obtained from the petroleum ether extract on GC-MS analysis showed the presence of seven different components.
Materials and Methods
Seeds ofPiper nigrumwere purchased from the specific seed shop at Jammu district and identified by Dr. Gurdev Singh of Botany department at Lovely Professional University. Dried and crushed seeds (1 Kg) ofPiper nigrumwere soxhalated in ethanol for around 72 hours. The ethanol extract was than distilled with light petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform and ethyl acetate according to their polarity gradients. The oily fraction of petroleum ether extract was subjected to GC-MS for identification of different components present in it.
Piper nigrum, belongto family piperaceae is a monoecious, perennial climbing herb, native of Southern India and Srilanka, cultivated in tropical regions.1It is found in vast altitudinal diversity and shows great adaptability to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions which leads to interspecies diversity.2Various pharmacological activitiessuch as antimicrobial,3analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, CNS depressant,4antimutagenic,5antioxidant and radical scavanging,6antiinsecticidal,7synergist,8allelopathic9and antirheumatism1have been reported. It is found to be helpful in reducing pain, chills, flu, colds, feverand muscular aches.1The dried fruits act as a source of medicine for aphrodisiac, carminative, antiseptic, diuretic, galactagogic and emmenagogic.11The aromatic fruits are used as spices and unripe fruit is a source of black pepper.10It has many physiological activities and therefore is of high commercial, economic and medicinal importance.12During our research for novel bioactive natural products, the seeds of the plant are soxhalated with various organic solvents. All the extracts were showing the potential for further treatment. The petroleum ether extract after keeping untouched for twenty days, separated into thick lower solid portion and upper oily fraction. The oily fraction obtained from the petroleum ether extract on GC-MS analysis showed the presence of seven different components.
Materials and Methods
Seeds ofPiper nigrumwere purchased from the specific seed shop at Jammu district and identified by Dr. Gurdev Singh of Botany department at Lovely Professional University. Dried and crushed seeds (1 Kg) ofPiper nigrumwere soxhalated in ethanol for around 72 hours. The ethanol extract was than distilled with light petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform and ethyl acetate according to their polarity gradients. The oily fraction of petroleum ether extract was subjected to GC-MS for identification of different components present in it.
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Table 1: Different components from hot petroleum ether extract of Piper nigrum Click here to View table |
Analysis of Oily Fraction
The GC-MS spectra of oily fraction of hot petroleum ether extracts ofPiper nigrumrecorded from Varian 4000 GC-MS/MS unveiled the presence of following components:
Among these chemical constituents methyl benzene is present as major component and δ – elemene as minor component, structures are given below
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Figure 1: Various components from hot Petroleum ether extracts ofPiper nigrum Click here to View figure |
Acknowledgement
The author is thankful to IIIM Jammu for GC-MS and Lovely Professional University for its lab facilities.
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