当前的世界城市nt

Introduction

The water quality of pond and dam are deteriorating mainly duetue rapid increasing nearor to these places. deforastration, grazing and removal of vegetation cover in the water shed result in silting of reservoir. The agricultural practices in the catchment area not only increase the siltation problem but are also responsible the addition of large quantites of nutreitonts,pesticites and organic metter. The knowledge of physico-chemichal characterstics of water bodies help in planing and succesful management of water bodies to fulfil these criteria present investigation carried out.

Table 1: Method used to evaluate parameters Click here to View table

表2:物理化学参数mandsour Dist During December 2008 to September 2010 Click here to View table

Material and Methods

Water sample were collected from three sampling sites.Ramghat dam, Mirzapur dam and Pashupatinath pond. as a seasonal sampling during study period for estimation of various physicochemichal parameters.

The sample were collected and analyzed according to APHA(1998)1 the sample were analysed within few hours of collection.the PH,temprature and D.O,T.D.S.,were measured on the spot while determination of chlorides, phosphates, nitrates,total Hardness etc.were carried out by standerd method given in Table.1

Results and Discussion

physicochemichal变化特点地g Dec2008 to Sep2010 are given in Table -2

Temprature effect many chemichal and biological activities so it is very important.during the study period the temperature of reservoir from 22‘c to33.5‘c,maximum temperature was recorded in summer 2010 at mirzapur dam while it was minimum in winter 2010 at the same site.Depth of visibility and PHwas maximum i.e.34(c.m) 8.9 respectivly at Pashupatinath pond during summer 2010.it was minimum i.e.21(c.m.) 7.3 respectivly at monsoon 2009 at Ramghat dam.

Conductivity was minimum in 0.148(ms/ cm) in monsoon 2010 at Mirzapur dam and maximum 0.270(ms/cm) was recorded in winter 2010 at Ramghat site, the D.O. ranges between 6.2 mg/l to 9.4 mg/l. it was maximum in winer 2010 in ramghat dam site and minimum 6.2 mg/l at the same site. It shows a unique relationship with temperature it means that water has grater capacity to hold D.O.(Hutchinson1957) T.D.S shows maximum 200 mg/l in monsoon 2009 at Pashupatinath while it was minimum 104 mg/l in monsoon2009 at Ramghat dam.

Total alkalinity ranges between 52 to 88 ppm total hardness was found in between 86 to 160 ppm it was minimum in winter 2010 at Ramghat site while maximum in summer 2009 at mirzapur dam site. Phosphates are essential nutrients the presens of these nutrient makes the water bodies suitable for growth of planktons and other fresh water communities the observation revealed that maximum value of phosphate was in Pashupatinath water durring summer 2010 on the other hand. lowest value 0.36 mg/l was observed in Ramghat site during winter 2010. value of nitrate ranges between 0.144 to 0.482 mg/l the maximum value was recorded the mansoon 2010 at Pashupatinath dam site. It was minimum in summer 2009 at Ramghat dam site it show that the water of Pashupatinath pond is much more polluted as compared to other as it is involved in several human and domestic activities

References

1. APHA,AWWA AND WPCF., Standard methods for examination of water and waste water,20th edition American public Health Association, Washington, DC (1998).
2. Bahura,C.K., A study on physico-chemical characteristic of a highly eutrophic temple tenk Bikaner Rajasthan.J.Aqua. Bio (1998)
3. Chouhan, P. Study of fish productivity of ponds, its Enhancement prospects and impact in tribal area of West Nimar (M.P.)Thesis2008 DAVV. Indore 13(142): 47-51 (2008).
4. Das, s.m. and Shrivastava. V.K., Some new observation an fresh water plankton pt.I plankton of fish tanks of Lucknow.Sci andCult. 21(8):446-467 (1956).
5. Sanjeev,M., Impact of habitation in hydrobiology of lake pichola, Udaipur, India.J.Env.protection11: 853-856 (1991).
6. Hutchinson, G.E.(1957) A Treatise on Limnology. Wiley, Newyork.
7. Sharma,M.S., Sumitra, M.Sharma, V.,malara,H. and sharma, R, Eutriphication proces in an urban lake system of Udaipur. M.L.S. 631, (2007).
8. Sharma.R., Some aspects of microbiologicaland trophic status of Udaipur lakes in relation to different limnological parameters.Ph.D.Thesis.M.L.Sukhadia universitys., Udaipur. P.18-38 (2010).
9. Telkhade,P.M. Status of water quality of Masala Lake Durgapur, Dist. Chandrapur (M.S)Environment Conservation Journal9(1&2): 23-26 (2007).