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Introduction

Water is the mirror of civilization since the origin of human life. The increase in population coupled with unplanned urbanization and industrialization has resulted a large damage and deterioration in drinking water supply for irrigation, industries and for drinking purpose. The mismanagement of wastes & Sewage deteriorates the water quality of study area. The paper deals with the determination of these parameters at various locations and analysis of data in the light of various prescribed standards.

博帕尔是中央邦的首都。水山姆ples of drinking water (bore-wells) are collected in 5 liter clean polythene jerry canes after flushing the bore-wells upto 5 minutes to analyse the selected parameters. The changes in Physico-Chemical parameters are the direct and indirect indices of water quality index. The proper groundwater samplings and analysis are very important to assure effective monitoring. Hoshangabad road of drinking water is mainly through bore-wells and municipality water supply.

Materials and Methods

Drinking water samples are collected from the 8 selected sampling stations:

1. Habibganj Railway station
2. Narayan Nagar
3. Saket Nagar
4. Barkatullah University campus
5. Surendra Land mark
6. Near Petrol Pump
7. Bagmugaliya
8. Vidhya Nagar

The Samples has analyzed with standard instruments and chemicals pH measured by pH-metry, D.O & B.O.D by Winkler’s azide method, C.O.D by reflux method, Chloride by argentometric titration, Hardness by complexometric titration (EDTA), and the methods prescribed by APHA (1975) and NEERI (1986).

Results and Discussion

The results are summarized in Table 1. In the present study, temperature has the range of 22.8-31.4^oC. Higher value of temperature accelerated the rate of Chemical reactions is water pH measurement is one of the most important frequently used test in water chemistry pH indicates the intensity of acidity and alkanity and measures H+ ions in water. In this study, minimum pH value 6.4 and maximum 7.2 has recorded at BW₁and BW₇respectively in summer and monsoon seasons. Electrical conductivity (EC) measures the dissolved ions; it ranges from 292-530 mmhos/cm. Minimum value is found at BW₈and maximum at BW₅. Bore-wells water used for drinking purpose is extra rich in CO₂because water comes by percolation through various strata and water absorbs a large amount of free co₂. It ranges form 6.5-7.88 ppm in this study., During tenure of work, Minimum chloride 80.2 and maximum value of 128.04 ppm has observed at sampling stations BW6 and (1CMR,1995) BW8, tolerance limit of chloride in natural water is 250 ppm. Water with higher chloride concentrations imparts peculiar taste, total solids, suspended solids and TDS ranges from 510-630, 300-358 and 205-284 ppm at different sampling stations.

Table 1: Analysis of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Drinking Water of Hoshangabad Road bore well's of Bhopal, India, 2006-07 Click here to view table

Total alkalinity, total hardness, Ca-H & Mg-H has ranged frpm 18.4-49.8, 518-633, 310-356 and 205-244 ppm respectively. Minimum values of these parameters are found at BW_{3 ,}BW_{1 ,}BW₁and BW₁. While the higher values are recorded at BW₈, BW₇, BW₅, and BW₄. Alkalinity measures the capacity to absorb H⁺ions without significant change in pH value. Hardness is the result of geological formations of the water sources.

D.O., B.O.D and C.O.D Values range from 1.06-1.76, 2.16-5.64 and 12.6-62.4 ppm respectively, minimum values has observed at sampling stations BW₁, BW7 and BW6 while the higher values at BW8, Permissible limits are 4.6, 6.0 ppm and 10.0 ppm respectively for water prescribed by WHO (1984).

Nitrate

Concentration in bore-wells water is due to leaching of nitrate with percolation of water. In this study nitrate varies from 7.6-14.94 ppm is well within the permissible limits (ISI; 2000-) i.e. 45ppm

Sulphate

Is an important constituent of hardness with Ca and Mg. Excess amount of Sulphate in water has cathartic effect on human health. In this study Sulphate ranges from 30.8-90 ppm, Sulphate concentration has found well within the permissible limit of 250 ppm (I.C.M.R. 1975, W.H.O., 1984). The most of the samples analyzed show that water in safe for domestic use. Low concentration of Sulphate may be due to less oxidation of sulphide to Sulphate. The above findings has found similar with those of kataria (1994), Kataria (2000), Kataria et al. (2004, 2005, and 2006). Taqveem Ali Khan et al. (2003).

Conclusion

Qualitatively, the bore-wells drinking water of study area is potable, hard and slightly mineralized. It is suitable for domestic and irrigational use.

Acknowledgements

Author is very thankful to principal Govt. Geetanjali Girls College, Bhopal and Dr. O.P. Jain, Principal,, Govt. MVAM, College, Bhopal and EPCO, Bhopal for their valuable suggestions and providing library facilities.

References