当前世界环境

Introduction

水是生命最基本的空气只有旁边。年代afe drinking water is the primary need of every human beings.Village population mainly depends upon ground water sources.The quality of ground water depends on the ions which are dissolved in ground water.The ground water day by day get deteriorate or polluted due to contamination of chemicals as well as fertilizers which comes from factories and big farms as well as domestic effluents.

Zinc is a very essential micronutrient in human body but when present above permissible limits, it causes some toxic effect. Symptoms of zinc toxicity include irritability, loss of appetite, nausea; nuclear stiffness.¹The metal is reported to be bioaccumulated²into flora and fauna, creating ecological problems. The physiological importance of trace elements in agriculture is well known while some of the elements like iron manganese, zinc and copper are considered to be essential micro nutrients the elements like lithium and boron have been found to be toxic to plants even in small quantities beyond certain limits. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to determine the concentration of some trace element viz. zinc, iron, manganese and lithium.

Material and Methods

年代ixty (60)samples water from different parts of the Datia Block were collected and analyzed for all major cations, anions, pH and E.C. the determination of trace elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The water have been classified into 5 groups on the basis of electrical conductivity (micromhos percm at 25 °C ) each class average , minimum and maximum concentration of each elements was determined .EC values of the ground water samples under investigation were measured using systronic EC meter.

Results and Discussion

Zinc is essential in plant and animal metabolism but water is not a significant source of the elements in a dietary sense. Water quality standard suggested by water quality criteria 1972(NAS-NAE1972) gave an upper limit of 5mg/L for zinc, be cause above that limit a significant number of people can detect zinc by taste. No health effects were Considered likely. Zinc is an undesirable contaminant for some species of aquatic life at much lower concentrations (NAS-NAE 1972p182), but the amount that can be tolerated is also a function of other properties of the solution. The maximum permissible limit for Zinc in drinking water, prescribed by W.H.O. is 5.0 ppm and I.S.I. has maximum limit 5-15 ppm. High in take may cause Diarrhea, Weight loss, hair loss. Zinc Values varied for ground water samples from 0.000ppm to 0.056 ppm. Iron is an essential element in the metabolism³of animal and plants. The undesirable effects of iron when present beyond the prescribed standards are, astringent taste, discolouration, turbidity,⁴sedimentation and growth of iron bacteria .Long term exposure of iron beyond the limit produces toxic effects. A toxicity of hygienic significance is the motting of lungs. Siderosis and iron pigmentation are of low order of severity and usually require 6 to 10 years of exposure before digonosable change occur. The objection to the presence of iron in water is also aesthetic in nature .High concentration of iron also stains cloth.^2-4最常见的铁的化合物water is ferrous carbonate. The maximum permissible limit for Iron in Drinking water, prescribed by W.H.O. is 0.3-1.0 ppm,and I.S.I. has maximum limit 0.3 ppm. High in take may cause bacterial activity (redrot disease). Iron in ground water samples were varied from 0.000 ppm to 0.210 ppm.

Table 1:

1. NRC(National Research council ), Drinking water and public health ,vol no 1, safe drinking water committee ,national Academy Press ,Washington, D.C. (1997).
2. Paliwal K.V., Iron contents in ground water of Assam ,A survey Report on Tube wells ,submitted to ICAR New Delhi (1976).
3. Gibbs C., Characterization and application of ferrozine iron reagent as ferrous iron indicator,Anal. Chem.,(1976) 48: 1197
4. Morris R.L. ,Determination of iron in water in the presence of heavy metals,Anal.Chem.(1952) 24: 1376.
5. W.H.O. Geneva ,guidelines for Drinking water quality, (1987) 1-2.
6. Bradford G.R. ,Lithium survey of California s water resources:年代oil Science, (1963) 96: 77-81.
7. 年代ingh H.G. and Sharma R.P. ,Response of tobacco to brackish water,Indian J. agric.sci.,(1971) 41: 697-699.
8. Bingham F.T., Page A.L. and Bardford G.R., Tolerance of plants to lithium,年代oil Sci.(1964) 64: 4-8.
9. Gupta I.C. , Note on Lithium in saline waters,Indian J. agric. Sci.(1972) 42: 650-651.
10. Gupta I.C., Lithium tolerance of wheat, barley, rice and gram at germination and seeding stage.Indian J. agric Res.,8(1974): 103 - 107。
11. APHA(American public health association), American water works association and water pollution control federation, standard methods of examination of waster and waster water ,19^thEdition ,New york,U.S.A.,(1995).
12. 年代ingh Naveen Kumar ,Chauhan K.P.S. and Kadam D.S.,Int J.Chem.Sci.,(2007) 5(2): 505-508.
13. National Academy of Sciences- National Academy of Engineering (NAS-NAE) ,Water Quality criteria,1972:Washington,D.C. National Academy of Sciences, (1972) 594.
14. Chauhan ,K.P.S. ,Kadam ,D.S. and Singh Naveen Kumar,Ultra Chemistry:(2005) 1(2): 119-121.
15. Chaney R.I. and Giordano P.M. ,年代oil Sci,Soc.Amer Madison Wisconsin, (1977) 233-280.
16. 年代ingh ,Naveen Kumar and Kadam D.S.,当前世界环境:(2007) 2(1): 57-60.
17. APHA Water quality Analysis ,standard methods (1999).
18. I.S. 105000,Indian standard Drinking water specification.Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 5 (1991).