Introduction The air around us contains aromatic compounds originated from citizens' daily activity in residential, trade and industrial areas which create the modern societies. Daily exposure to odor pollution is a part of modern life.1 Odor is generally defined as the feeling caused by chemical compounds which are called odorants while being perceived by stimulating the sensory receptors of smell.2 Odor is a combination of one or more volatile chemical com
..不同来源的环境气味污染对社区产生不良影响'健康和福利在某种程度上引起了全世界公众越来越多的担忧和抱怨。帕尔斯植物油加工厂(PVOPP)位于德黑兰人口稠密的居民区附近;因此，许多人每天都接触到植物过程中令人讨厌的气味。为了评估气味对其附近商业中心的恼人影响，进行了社会调查。
…Introduction Cadmium is a trace heavy metal of great importance in environmental protection since it is a highly toxic element.1 Determination of cadmium in environment samples is so important as this element exist in environment samples as a contaminant originating from industrial or urban waste pollution. As a result of high toxicity even at low concentrations, and various matrix interferences in real samples, developing an accurate, precise and selective method for cadmium determ
..用双硫腙功能化的多壁碳纳米管修饰传感器电极。该电极用于痕量镉离子的测定。电极组成为石墨粉67%，石蜡23%，改性MWCNTs 10% (W/W)。铅(II)的线性范围为1.8倍(10-7)~ 1.0倍(10-4)mol l - 1，检出限为1.0倍(10-7)mol l - 1。电极使用寿命为12周
。Introduction In recent years, the demands for energy have grown very quickly due to the rapid development of certain growing economies, especially in Asia and the Middle East. Biofuels such as alcohols and biodiesel have been proposed as alternatives for diesel engines.1,2,3 Especially, the environmental issues concerned with the exhaust gases emission by the usage of fossil fuels also encourage the usage of biodiesel, which has proved to be ecofriendly far more than fossil fuels. In
..本研究在一台4缸直喷柴油机上，以生物柴油及其混合物为替代燃料，研究了发动机转速为1800转/分钟时，发动机在25%、40%、65%和80%负荷下的排放特性。用柴油和从废煎炸油中提取的四种不同的柴油/生物柴油(B20、B40、B60和B80)作为发动机燃料进行了试验，并对结果进行了分析。生物柴油的使用
..Introduction Over the last few decades, there has been growing interest in determining heavy metal levels in the marine environment and attention was drawn to the measurement of contamination levels in public food supplied, particularly fish.1-3 Although heavy metal is a loosely defined term,4 it is widely recognized and usually applied to the wide spread contaminants of terrestrial and fresh water ecosystems. Some examples of heavy metal include lead, zinc, cadmium, copper
..测定了两种鲶鱼身体各部位的铅、锌、铜、铁、锰、镉和汞的含量;乌克河的水和沉积物样本采用原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)法。结果表明，铁(Fe)在沉积物和水中的浓度最高，平均分别为8.78 mg/g和7.51 mg/l，其次是Zn，分别为4.79 mg/g(沉积物)和3.19 mg/l(水)wh
。Introduction Organic halogen alkane compounds or halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or morecarbonatoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogenatoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine - group 17) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds. Chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides. Many synthetic organic compounds such as plasticpolymers, and a
..本文采用基于lanl2dz基集的DFT (B3LYP)方法计算了c3h2f4br2的驻点和最小能量路径的优化几何形状和频率。B3LYP/ lanl2dz2计算结果表明，C3H2F4Br2的一些选定键长和键角值
。Introduction Increasing demand for noble metals, particularly platinum group metals (PGM), such as palladium(II), platinum(IV), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III) has been recently observed because of their wide range of industrial applications, e.g. as catalysts in organic processes, value added components in metal alloys and vehicle catalytic converter systems, in chemical, pharmaceutical, petroleum and electronic industries and also in jewellery making. These applications of PGMs have increas
..本文采用吡啶基团修饰TiO2纳米粒子，并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、x射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和元素分析(CHN)对其进行了表征。在火焰原子吸附光谱法(FAAS)测定超痕量钯之前，将该吸附剂用于预富集。通过本研究，对样品pH、样品流速、洗脱液参数(类型、浓度、体积)、洗脱液流速等不同因素进行了优化
。Introduction The rule of water quality on human health is well known and recently attracted a great deal of interest. Many water quality problems have been identified and addressed in the past from several parts of the world.1 According to Nature (2010) about 80% of the world's population (4.8 billion in 2000) lives in areas with threats to water security.2 Most cases of waterborne diseases and related deaths occur in developing nations are directly due to unsafe wat
..由于砷污染和农业发展，伊朗库尔德斯坦Qorveh平原农村水资源质量面临严重挑战。因此，从该地区收集了25个浅层地下水样本(来自14个家庭和11个农场)，目的是评估其饮用质量。测定水样pH、水电导率(Ecw)、As、Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Na、K、NO3、P、Cl、HCO3、SO4、Si、总硬度(TH)、总disso。
Introduction Among different ecosystems, wetlands constitute one of the most important ecosystems for man offering numerous regulating services. Water quality assessment of small water bodies of the wetlands are of immense importance in the management of fisheries, water supply, and irrigation. Pollution status of water bodies are usually expressed as biological and physico-chemical parameters.1 Several authors have extensively documented the responses of macro-invertebrate
..对阿萨姆邦Barak山谷Chatla洪泛区的两个池塘进行了调查，并特别参考了水生昆虫。 池塘1是一个纯粹的鱼塘，而池塘2也是一个社区池塘。目前的研究揭示了两个池塘的水质状况以及水生昆虫的多样性、密度、优势度和丰度。两个池塘的理化参数几乎都在水生生物允许的范围内，但在池塘2 l
。Introduction Water- the elixir of the life system and without it life cannot exist. The diverse uses of water for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing a lot of other purposes. The presence of safe and reliable drinking water is an essential prerequisite for a stable community. So quality of water is to be determined for a locality of various purposes. Water covers about 71 percent of the earth’s surface and it is abundant natural resource on the earth. It includes various resources s
..总溶解固形物(TDS)和电导率是决定水质的重要参数。TDS的季节变化主要是由于水的离子组成。本文研究了2001年5月至2004年4月泸定镇TDS和电导率的季节变化。结果表明，挖井、环井和池塘的TDS最高，而河水和供水的TDS较好。
。Introduction The increasing anthropogenic activities in and around the aquatic ecosystems and their catchments areas in recent years, have contributed to large scale mineral enrichment and incidence of many pathogenic micro-organisms in different water bodies. Besides, many major water bodies are being degraded due to continuous heavy discharge of untreated waste and surface run-off, causing deleterious effects in flora and fauna and other aquatic organisms (Sah et al., 2000). The distributio
..对曼尼普尔邦大英帕尔地区5个不同地点的英帕尔河水中的肠致病菌进行了为期一年的月度调查，作为水质记录的一部分。肠道病原菌密度在雨季较高，夏冬季较低。不同细菌的生存程度受各种环境因素和人为活动的影响。
。Introduction Urban areas and inhabitants of cities tend to increase. Nowadays, about half of the world total population live in urban settlements. This large number of dwellers produce variety of activities and modify urban air quality and pattern.Urban wind flow is driven by a deep, stratified urban boundary layer with significant wind fluctuations. Solar heating effects include shadows from buildings and trees, aerodynamic drag, heat exchange affected by the surface property variations and
..本文讨论了城市地区风场环境评价的不同标准及其与野外观测的关系。文中还讨论了在规划过程中纳入风环境研究的重要性。建筑环境对风速和风向的影响越来越大，这使得对50米以下高度的任何预测都非常危险。这种增加的区域与更多的建筑形式，其中粗糙度是极高的。这并不总是可能的
…Introduction Cancer represents the largest cause of the mortality, which claims over 6 million lives each year, in present world (Abdullaev 2012). Insensitivity of cancer types to most of the oncological therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy (Ghaneh et al. 2007, Sarkar et al., 2007) has forced to strengthen new therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly form of disease. A promising strategy to cure cancer is chemoprevention through natural agents. Natural
..克什米尔山谷以生产高质量的藏红花(Crocus sativus L.)而闻名，是世界上主要的藏红花产区之一。藏红花传统上被用于制备本土药物，也被用作染料。藏红花部分的提取物被用于化妆品和许多药物中，以治疗不同的疾病。在本文件中，藏红花及其部分在克什米尔山谷种植的潜在作用和癌症等疾病
。Introduction Groundwater resources are dynamic in nature. These are affected by factors such as, the expansion of irrigation activities, industrialization and urbanization. Hence, monitoring and conserving this important resource is essential. The quality of water is defined in terms of its physical, chemical and biological parameters. Ascertaining the quality of groundwater is crucial before its use. Water may be used for various purposes such as drinking, agricultural, recreational and indu
..浦那是印度主要的发展中城市之一;随着邻近的村庄，如Aundh、Baner、pasan和Sutarvadi被合并到浦那市政公司(PMC)，它的面积正在迅速增加。大多数人使用地下水作为他们生活需要的主要来源，除此之外，PMC还向他们提供分配的处理过的水。地下水水质评价是现代社会的一个重要问题。部分地区地下水水质空间变化特征[/p]。
灌溉水资源短缺导致生活和工业废水用于农业。尤其是在城市地区。由于受到金属和各种有毒化学品的污染，这些废水导致重金属和危险化学品的暴露，并通过农产品和牲畜对人类健康造成危害。越来越多的癌症病例和肾脏问题也与这方面有关。本研究对con
进行了人体健康风险评价。Introduction Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals has been observed in sediment, water and aquatic flora and fauna (Forstner and Whittmann, 1983). Different aquatic organisms often respond to external contamination in different ways, where the quantity and form of the element in water, sediment or food will determine the degree of accumulation (Langston & Spence, 1995). Heavy metals entering the aquatic ecosystem originate from different sources such as decay
..用原子吸收分光光度计测定了两种不同湖泊沉积物、水体和鱼类样品中重金属(Cu、Cd、Ni、Fe和Pb)的生物积累;淡水和污水分别来自博帕尔的上游和沙普拉湖。印度。除铅外，污染湖泊中所有微量金属均高于淡水湖。实验结果清楚地显示了两湖不同营养水平的重金属积累。
Introduction Warud is a Taluka place located on the border of Maharashtra and M.P. States. It is situated at the base of satpuda Ranges and covered by dense woods with many medicinal plants and water bodies. It is famous for oranges and commonly known as "California of Vidarbha". The major crops of the district is 'Oranges'. The famous historical and holy place salbardi is only 30Km, away from Warud. The main water supply is from Uppar Wardha Dam an
..Warud地区的主要农业和生活用水来自上Wardha和Shekhadari大坝的水。即便如此，大多数地区的居民主要依赖于家庭和农业用途的井水，特别是在夏季。因此存在大量的井眼。对2011年5月华德市某地区选定井水的氟化物含量进行了分析。研究表明，氟化物浓度在允许范围
内。Introduction Bhopal the capital of Madhya Pradesh territory the largest state of India. Bhopal is situated on 23°16'N Latitude and 77°25' Longitude and is located on Hard pink sand stone of Vindhya region Fluoride concentration in India, creates health problems and fluorosis. The disease previously called as "Mottled teeth" reported in Madras City (1933). Most of the population of 18 states out of 35 states in India are well affected with dent
..采用选择性氟离子电极法对博帕尔甘地纳加尔附近村庄不同地点的采样站进行了氟化物浓度测定。大肠菌群/ mpn测定;饮用水样本 从amp;收集,各地方采用H2S纸条法，并在纸条上涂色黑格。
..Introduction waste effluents coming out from the Process industries creating lot of environmental problems. Waste effluent from metal plating, refining, battery and power source are found to have varying degree of contaminants with high toxicity.1 There are various methods and techniques available for treatment of toxic waste to maintain the toxic material below the prescribed disposable limit. However, these techniques suffer the load of physical and chemical pollutants. For the fa
..在实验室制备的电镀废液中，研究了有机聚合物以聚电解质形式作为去离子剂预处理材料的适用性。用有机聚合物对废物进行絮凝处理，可以减少废物中一起或单独存在的金属和非金属离子的负荷。研究了TDS和溶解氧浓度的变化。本文还介绍了pH值对絮凝过程的影响。< / p > . .
Introduction The history of human civilization reveals that water supply and civilization are almost synonymous. several cities and civilizations have disappeared due to water shortage originating from climatic and other changes. The absence of water has resulted in the absence of life on the moon. Water, The nectar of life is one of the most important natural resource for all living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular ,since it is required for their various metabolic activities.
..对博帕尔甘地纳加尔地区2011-2012年季风季节前后各站点的饮用水水质进行了理化评价。本文对温度、pH、BOD、COD、EC、游离CO2、T-H、Ca-H、Mg-H、总碱度进行了分析。amp的,,本研究具有一定的公共卫生公益意义。
Introduction The recent studies have indicated that the water bodies becoming increasingly Contaminated due to the domestic and industrial wastes. The effluent discharge from sugar Mill consists of a number of chemical pollutants that can bring about changes in temperature, Humidity and oxygen supplies amounting to a partial or complete alteration in the physical, chemical and physiological sphere of the biota. Such changes disrupt the ecological cycle of Living organisms. Further,
..对Neoly糖厂废水的理化特征含量进行了探讨。理化参数如颜色、气味、温度、pH、电导率、COD、BOD、碱度、总硬度、Ca+2、Mg+2、氯化物等;从工厂出口点和排放点之间的各个地点收集的污水已被确定。
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