Introduction The degradation of synthetic polymers like plastics is a major challenge due to its recalcitrant properties. Polyethylene (PE), which is a type of plastic, has become part of the humanity due to its excellent mechanical properties, oxygen & moisture barrier and low cost. It has been used for the manufacturing of carry bags, packaging materials, etc. (mainly in the form of thin films), and approximately 64% of all produced plastics is used to make polyethylene1, 2. Consequ
..聚乙烯废物污染是印度乃至世界最受关注的环境问题之一。在热氧化降解和光降解等主要降解方法中，微生物降解是最安全、最环保的聚乙烯降解方法之一。目前的研究重点是聚乙烯利用菌的分离、富集和表征，而不是生物降解筛选，以及对其
的评价。Introduction Environmental sustainability in today’s context is incontrovertibly an important concept and it has always been a matter of policy-making argument with public scrutiny. Its significance is due to the fact that it inclines to describe trade-offs with social & economic constituents of sustainable development.29 It is based on development that is attuned to the conservation of vital natural processes.32 In the tourism-based industry, the measurement of environmenta
..本文的核心目的是研究与安达曼群岛斯瓦拉杰群岛旅游业发展相关的不同环境可持续性因素。尼科巴群岛。这项研究是有限的，并且基于游客对影响岛上旅游业发展的不同环境可持续性因素的不同看法。因此，从各种文献中，旅游发展的不同环境可持续性因素列表为c
。Dear Readers Recently, it has been realized that increasing air pollution at work places as well as in the ambient air has serious health hazards. Air pollutants such as CO, SO2, NOx, dust, toxic vapours, volatile organics, carbon soot and heavy metals have significant impact on human health. Inhalation and accumulation of toxic substances impact children and women significantly1. Indoor air pollution is generated by outdoor sources as well as indoor sources. Indoor sources include fuel burni
..Introduction Innovations and productions of new medicines increased number of pharmaceutical industries with accumulation of waste in rivers and on land. Environmental management part always found non-focused and lead to degradation of nature. Researchers are working on these issues to resolve these problems.This situation enforced research towards zero effluent discharge, green technology and cleaner development mechanism. Semiconductor photocatalysis has been extensively studied b
..混合高级氧化工艺(HAPOs)去除废水中不可生物降解的有机物已经在最近的文献中进行了研究。随着工业的不断发展，工业废水的大量排放以及工业制造过程中产生的有机废水对环境造成了严重的威胁，aops是一种很有前途的用于矿化废水中有机物的先进技术。混合式高级氧化工艺b
。Introduction Oil productioniscurrently the world's most important source of primary energy use. Because of the growth of emerging countries' transportation and manufacturing sectors, oil demand is expected to jump from 60% to 75% by 2030. Furthermore, using fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). These greenhouse gases are to blame for the earth's global warming and the current climatic deregulation 1.As a result, in a global
..目前，只有生物乙醇可以用于燃料系统，而不需要对燃料分配系统进行重大改变。此外，燃烧生物乙醇产生的二氧化碳与植物生长时产生的二氧化碳相同，因此它不会增加温室效应。生物柴油可以从产糖的植物或含有淀粉的植物(小麦、玉米等)中提取。然而，大规模生产生物乙醇需要使用大片土地来生产乙醇。
Introduction The dynamic quality of soil properties affected by good management is known to as soil quality. The soil quality concept was familiarizing for correct grouping and allocation of agricultural inputs materials'.1, 2 The ability of the soil to work within a regulated or native ecosystem limits in order to preserve or improve the productivity of the ecosystem's plants and animals is referred to as soil quality.3, 4, 5 As a result, the most significant environmental pa
..土壤是指地球表面的上层，由有机残留物、粘土和岩石颗粒的混合物组成，也是植物生长的地方。土壤质量是农业活动中最重要的环境因素，也是农产品安全的重要因素。随着粮食安全意识的提高，土壤质量评价成为当前最重要的问题。本研究在Koch Bi
中进行了评估。Introduction Development of a nation has to be people friendly as well as environment friendly. Over-exploitation and over-exhaustion of the natural environmental resources can play havoc with the development of the people as depletion of resources on this finite planet will have dangerous implications for the future generations. Besides, to improve the quality of life of people, infrastructural development such as construction of dams, canals, power energy, roads, telecommunication, airways,
..水电是一种重要的可再生能源，是地球上最高效的发电系统之一。尽管水力发电厂有很多好处，但也可能有一些缺点。然而，它的增长伴随着负面的环境后果。在发展中国家，水电大坝仍在快速建设，并造成河流生态紊乱、森林砍伐、生物多样性丧失、温室气体排放增加以及污染。
Introduction Constructed Wetlands (CW) are eco-technology based methods for wastewater treatment. The vegetation, substrate, biofilm and microorganisms of CWs work in co-action to remove a various pollutants from the wastewater.1,2CWs have gained popularity across the world. These systems are widely applied to treatmunicipal sewage, dairy effluents, agricultural runoff and landfill leachates.3–6 Among the four major classes of CWs the vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are ch
..磷(p)通过点源和非点源进入水体是富营养化的诱因。以自然为基础的解决方案(NBS)，如人工湿地(CW)，是处理灰水的经济有效的方法，以保护水体免于富营养化的风险。在人工湿地中添加具有潜在除磷效率的基质，可以提高人工湿地的除磷效率。对
中磷的去除率进行了研究。Introduction Groundwater is a significant natural resource all around the world. In the last few decades, conserving these vital renewable resources is receiving more and more attention. This is because, as the population expands and water consumption for diverse uses such as agriculture, drinking, and industrial growth, investment in the water sphere will become unavoidable. Water is essential to all living things on the Earth, whether directly or indirectly. The groundwater is affected by a
..在目前的情况下，地下水质量评价是必不可少的。本研究的主要目的是评价和确定地下水饮用水质。分析了14种不同的物理化学参数来评估研究区域的地下水，并将其与印度标准局的数值进行了比较。水质指数(WQI)是水质的综合指标。水质指标评价各种参数，可以快速和
..Introduction Arsenic (AS) in high concentration is one of the dangerous toxicants for human health. Ground water and other heavy metals contamination are the main sources of AS pollution and have serious consequences on the human health and its effects, bio-accumulative nature, and persistence in the environment worsen the problem. In biological systems, heavy metals affect the cellular DNA and nuclear proteins leading to alteration of cell cycle, carcinogenesis or apoptosis. Increased p
..砷(AS)毒性被认为是最大的环境问题之一和重大的公共卫生问题。在本章中，我们总结了砷污染对人体健康的影响。仔细阅读文献表明，暴露于高浓度的AS是严重的，原因有很多。长时间暴露在这样的环境中会对人体的几个器官系统产生不良影响。无机砷的不良影响导致许多人类疾病，人类痛苦和增加
。Introduction Ubiquitous nature of PAHs in terrestrial and marine environment made them an important.1 PAHs are concern due to persistent nature. The EU and USEPA have prioritized PAHs due to carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.2 High and low molecular weight are the two class of PAHs. The 4 to 6 aromatic rings are HMW with less bio-degradable properties, while LMW-PAHs consists 2 to 3 rings with less carcinogen properties than HMW types.3 US Environment Protection Agency have identified six
..本研究考虑了尼日利亚Ado-Ekiti路边土壤中多环芳烃的含量、来源和毒性潜势。采用气相色谱法对多环芳烃进行提取和硅胶净化后的鉴定。多环芳烃的平均浓度范围为ND &51.6, plusmn;多环芳烃(TPAHs)总量为61.8 μ g/kg, 32.3 ~ 204 μ g/kg;这个地方吗?EKSU吗?NNPC . < / p > . .
Introduction University is a student-centric place where teaching-learning practices take place for producing future generations.1-3 Students spend most of the time in a university environment to attend class, sit in examinations, and do other extracurricular activities. All these tasks demand direct attention and raise mental fatigue and stress in students.4-6The green campus allows a place as a pedagogy and enhances the environmental awareness among students by utilizing green practices on
..学术机构的绿化减少二氧化碳，为学生创造无压力的环境'学习。印度比拉斯布尔的古鲁·加西达斯中央大学占地262公顷，拥有充足的绿地，是一个拥有9000多名学生的教育中心。通过在整个大学内布置54个样地(0.1公顷)来评估土地利用模式、绿化和树木二氧化碳储量。Students&,绿化的可能性及其对学生的影响'行为和学习成绩
。Introduction There is a lot of evidence of climate change, which is frequently related to increases in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. According to some projections, this rise might result in a 1 to 3.5°C warming at the Earth's surface during the next century.1 Climate change is projected to have a profound influence on both the biophysical environment of the Earth and human existence as a long-term trend.2 Climate change is a major concern in the communitie
..印度喜马拉雅山脉西部拉达克地区的苏鲁山谷气候寒冷干旱，景观半沙漠。在这片脆弱的土地上，任何气候变化都将影响当地社区的生活。该地区的气象监测站有限，因此对气候模式的变化没有很好的了解。了解性别对气候变化的不同看法将有助于我们关键地参与和支持当地人民采取行动应对气候变化。这< / p > . .
Introduction Groundwater has played a dominant role in food grain production and the income security of farmers around the world. A certain lack of much-needed importance still manifests itself in fragmented legislative approach, insufficient institutional set-ups,and inadequateimplementation of GW law in almost all countries oftheworld1 and its governance has also been an area of neglect until recently2. Legal frameworks encompassing surface and GW are more efficient and responsive than t
..地下水(GW)在印度正在成为主要的水源，约占农村地区饮用水供应的85%，占灌溉的62%。在旁遮普，GW灌溉了超过72%的水稻-小麦种植系统地区，并在其成为印度粮仓的过程中发挥了关键作用。但是，水稻种植面积(该州夏季种植的一种耗水作物)大幅增加，即从1970-71年的390万公顷增加到31万公顷。
Introduction Nature-Based Tourism is rapidly expanding with its significance for the effective promotion of natural resources and socioeconomic development1. The natural habitat and environmental conditions are vital in determining the viability of tourism destination2. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic struck a fatal blow to the travel and tourism (T&T) industry, affecting economies, livelihoods, goods, and services globally. The travel industry was hit pointedly during th
..随着世界与疫情作斗争，旅游业陷入停滞，网络媒体上的故事正在浮出水面，这些故事保证了未驯服的生活正在回到孤立的城市地区，地球正在自我恢复。数以百万计的人面临着失业的可能性，世界范围内的金融衰退迫在眉睫，随着污染的急剧发展，医疗服务框架正承受着过重的负担，疾病传播专家警告说，可以想象，一个巨大的……
Introduction Fluoride due to its significant effect on human wellbeing has drawn worldwide attention. Exposure to the high dose of fluoride over a long period result in various health symptoms like dental fluorosis (stained and chipped teeth), skeletal fluorosis (deformed and stiff bones) and other non-skeletal symptoms, ranging from gastric to reproductive systems. The population of poor and underdeveloped regions like Africa and Asia represent the major population suffering from fluorosis
..氟化物(F-)是地壳中含量第13多的化学元素，人们普遍认为低浓度时对健康有益，但高剂量时对公众健康构成严重威胁。世界卫生组织将饮用水中氟化物的指导限值定为每升1.5毫克。全球有超过2.6亿人饮用高浓度氟化物的水。
.在大多数地区的饮用水中广泛分布和高氟化物含量。Introduction Particulate matter pollution and increase in carbon dioxide concentration are seen as the major troubles man is facing today with respect to health and the environment. In 2016, the health effect institute (IHE) noted that the chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 killed about 4.1 million people and caused a disability-adjusted life years’ (DALYs’) loss of 106 million; the highest total deaths were obtained in India (25%) and China (26%).1 These data were obtain
..本调查旨在监测和制作一些选定旅游景点(沙利玛花园、切斯马沙希植物园、哈万花园、尼沙特花园、Naseem Bagh、Lal Chowk和克什米尔农业科技大学(skuist - k)斯利那加市沙利玛校区)的环境颗粒物(PM1、PM2.5、PM4、PM10和TSP)和二氧化碳(CO2)浓度的月空间变化的专题地图。克什米尔山谷
..Introduction Removal of dyes from wastewaters discharged from industries like textile, leather tanning, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, pigment etc is an important and challenging task. This is because the complex aromatic structure of dyes makes them more stable and more difficult to remove from wastewater. Several physico-chemical and biological methods viz coagulation and flocculation, biosorption, ultrafiltration, cation exchange membranes, electrochemical degradation, ozone treatment etc.
..有色废水的处理近年来受到广泛关注。利用纳米材料处理废水是近年来世界范围内积极研究和开发的课题。本文介绍了纳米氧化镁吸附和纳米光催化降解甲基橙的实验结果。考察了pH值、搅拌/接触/辐照时间、染料浓度、吸附剂用量等因素的影响。在最佳条件下
…Introduction The Air Quality Index (AQI) doesn't precisely decide the unsafe impacts of air pollutants on human health. Although most developing countries utilize their own air quality indicators, they are unable to give the public a positive idea of how harmful air pollutants are. Particulate matter (solid and fluid particles such as ash, smoke, residue, and others that are suspended and noticeable all around) is a vital and significant pollutant in the ambient air that can shorten
..各国使用的空气质量指数(AQI)并不能清楚地显示空气污染对平均预期寿命(LE)的影响程度。这项研究明确显示了特定城市某一年空气污染物(尤其是大气颗粒物)对个人平均寿命的影响程度。这项研究确定了空气质量生活指数(AQLI)，并显示2019年和2020年梅迪尼普尔市每位居民的平均生活质量有所下降。hu
的降低…Introduction The current waste management practices face challenges owing to a huge generation of greenhouse gases GHGs that has contributed to changes in consumption patterns and growth in resource squandering mainly caused by the rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth 1,2. The old saying“Waste not, want not” rings so true today as global leaders and local communities alike progressively call for a fix for the so called “throwaway
..由于人口快速增长和不可持续的工业化所导致的人类生活方式的变化和资源的恶化，废物管理已经成为人类福利和环境繁荣的广泛发明。未经管理的废物对富人和穷人都有影响，损害了他们的经济和环境。有机废物是发展中国家生活垃圾的最大组成部分，通过利用微生物可以开发成一种有价值的资源。关于
..的简短存储库Introduction The manufacturing of eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources is the biggest challenge faced by the contemporary world 1,2. Thus, there is great significance in researching alternate energy sources that can produce energy eco-friendly and sustainable 3,4. Although adequate research had carried out on alternative energy sources; but, there is a break in knowledge nowadays, which needs to achieve sustainability 5,6. Several studies were conducted to determine the most effectiv
..在目前的情况下，利用微藻生产生物燃料有利于可持续发展。最近，最紧迫的问题之一是寻找具有成本效益和环境友好的能源，以满足不断增长的能源需求，同时又不损害环境完整性。随着全球生物燃料市场的增长，微藻为生物燃料生产提供了一种可行的生物质原料。生物柴油通常被认为是化石燃料的最佳天然替代品之一。
Introduction Declining fertility of the soil is a major challenge to agriculture worldwide1,2,3,4. Studies have shown that a direct relationship exists between crop productivity and soil fertility5,6. This implies that crop yields increase as soil fertility increases and decline as soil fertility declines – all with major implications on food security7,8. Kopittke et al.9 demonstrated that the application of chemical fertilizers on hybrid crop varieties could raise crop productivi
..为了提高土壤肥力和作物生产力而滥用化肥，对人类和生态系统造成了严重威胁。这些化学肥料对农民和广大人口构成严重的健康风险，并造成短期和长期的土壤退化。因此，开展这项研究是为了审查农林业如何有助于喀麦隆西南地区小农农场逐步停止使用化学肥料。数据坳< / p > . .
Introduction The concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere plays a precarious role in maintaining the global surface temperature.1,2. The level of atmospheric CO2 concentration is increased at alarming rate after the industrial revolution across the world. As compared to the pre-industrial level (280 ppm), the current CO2 concentration is about ~414 ppm.3 A lot of studies have reported that the increase in concentrations of atmospheric CO2 is due to anthropogenic activi
..Introduction For a developing nation like India, climate change is a harsh reality. This is mostly because the backbone of the growth of a developing country is made of conventional methods of generating energy and resources. Despite a huge advancement in technologies, such countries often find themselves in conflicting positions. Economy, development and climate change often cross each other’s paths resulting in increased risk and vulnerability. This can be understood from the
..印度在气候变化和经济发展的背景下占据了一个有趣的位置。印度拥有丰富的资源(森林、太阳能等)，但缺乏资金和技术诀窍，印度通往净零碳经济的旅程是一场马拉松。像COP26这样的即时气候变化政策往往不受欢迎，并给经济带来压力。气候变化不可避免地开始改变气候维度，现在正在对印度经济造成重大损害。