引言城市空气污染物包括车辆排放、工业排放和发展活动排放。众所周知，它们会对人类健康和环境造成一些不良影响。大气超细颗粒附着在其表面的污染物可以进入我们的身体，深入到呼吸和循环系统，对人体造成损害。肺、心、脑和其他重要器官。全球AOD数据(ae

Dear Readers The contemporary urban life style of humans includes a multistorey township culture with exclusive area earmarked for common parks and community space. As per rules, around 15% of the area is to be left for common purpose. However, it may vary from state to state. The township is governed through its society generally called as Resident’s Welfare Association (RWA). The maintenance of common facilities and area is done through the contributions of the residents. This a

Introduction Bangladesh is a mainly agrarian nation, with people relying on agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, raw materials, and other necessities. Bangladesh's favorable climatic conditions and abundance of natural resources have made this sector a promising source for employment, poverty reduction, and food security. Along with Agriculture, Bangladesh has prioritized the industrial and service sectors to accelerate economic growth. Bangladesh's favorable policies and chea

Introduction The symptoms of the current pandemic were first reported from Wuhan (China) in December 2019, when there was an abrupt increase in the number of fatal pneumonia cases. Gradually as the virus started spreading all around the world through International travel, it was identified to be a novel coronavirus and was nomenclatured as SARS-COV2 due to its homology with the earlier strain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus that ravaged the world as an epidemic in the

Introduction Various anthropogenic activities as well as geological processes lead to chromium contamination of soils and being non-biodegradable, the metal persists in the soil system for years, affecting soil quality and plant life. Use of chromium in several industries like electroplating, manufacturing alloy products, nuclear reactor vessels, leather tanning,textile and dye synthesis ultimately leads to its discharge in the wastewaters and sludge that impacts both aquatic and terrestria

Introduction Shorebirds are well known for their long distance migration 1 and they are travelling thousands of kilometer annually from breeding grounds to wintering grounds vice versa 2,3. Shorebirds use different aquatic habitats and they are intensely dependent on various stop over sites for rest and refuel during their migration 4. Several wetlands which are situated along the coastal regions are showing critical foraging sites for various species of shorebirds during their migratory pe

Introduction Floods are one of the phenomena that become more and more frequent and destructive due to the disorderly growth of cities and the lack of adequate urban planning 1. Thus, it is clear that floods are the most common type of natural disaster in Europe, taking into account the international database on disasters, representing 43% of all disasters that occurred during the period between 1998 and 20022. Floods can be defined as extreme hydrological phenomena of variable frequency

Introduction India is rich in diversity of organisms and plays a prominent role in international market in ornamental fish due to its rusticity and color patterns. Despite its potential, India ranks low in the Asian market, asmost of the ornamental fish is of wild variety1. Among the total 156 species in Tamil Nadu, 16% of them were under threat due to problem in maintaining the stock, seed production, environmental factors including contamination of water etc. Hence research in aquaculture

Introduction Various developed productions comparable dyes, plastics, textiles and paper productions using dyes in direction to colour produces too ingest considerable progression of water. As a consequence it types a significant quantity of coloured wastewater. It devises improved concerning the long period of poisonous outcome of water covering these liquefied contaminants. Dyes holding wastewater is frequently unconfined straight into the adjoining stagnant ponds, drains and river. Such

Introduction Water is the foundation of life on globe. The water quality is the key to all of the roles that water plays in human body or their natural surroundings. Water is vital for human life, ecological functioning, socio-economic evolution, food supply and also poverty lessening.1 The superiority of accessible water varies spatially. The varying geological and climatic factors determine the provincial differences in water individuality.2 Depending on weather, the quality of accessible

Introduction The term ‘sustainable development’ came into light after its introduction in 1987 Brundtland Commission’s report called Our Common Future.1 The report defined sustainable development as, “the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.2 The sustainable development then was linked with three factors namely economic, environment and equity. Sus

Introduction Natural and anthropogenic sources are the two major areas from where arsenic (As) may contaminate the normal environment1. Contamination of arsenic can be toxic and fatal if it will enter the food web via water and soil routes. Previous researchers also observed the contamination of groundwater and foods via arsenic in different parts of the world2,3. Contamination of soil by arsenic may result from agricultural activities, various anthropogenic activities, etc. According to Hu

Introduction Freshwater resources are of great importance to man and other organisms of the environment for sustenance of life and maintaining the balance in the nature.1  About one-third of the world's fresh water requirement is met by naturally occurring surface waters in rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds.2  Due to the limited availability of freshwater on earth, it has become imperative to assess its quality as much of the world’s freshwater resources

Introduction Water could be regarded as a renewable resource, but in order to meet the needs of the human population and diverse developmental activities, it would have to become non-renewable, posing an environmental dilemma. Water is an integral part of life and is paramount for sustenance of the life cycle. Water resources are used for irrigation for agricultural output in addition to drinking and other domestic tasks.1 For human society and well-being, riverine systems provide a variety

Introduction Excavation of the mineral carried out by the two major ways that is sub surface mining (Open cast) and underground mining method. In both of the methods ground water play an important role because, due to mining geological pattern of the rocks changes that leads to change in hydrology of the particular region and ultimately it leads to water pollution or change in water quality & quantity. There is no question mark that ground water is the important source for survival

Introduction Individuals are specifically bound to the ecosystem. However, there seems to be no discrimination that the world is influenced by human behavior. Indeed, climate warming has a substantial impact on biodiversity. There has also been a persistent increase in global warming over the past 140 years, and now has a direct influence on a vast range of factors connected with the atmosphere. As a result of the start of industrialization, CO2 and methane are being injected into the atmos

Introduction Floods occur in urban areas even due to low-intensity rainfall due to low infiltration capacity and high run-off generation in the cities.1 The changes in land use due to increased urbanization have modified the hydrological behavior of the cities, thereby generating a quick run-off with less peak flow time. 2-4 Due to insufficient stormwater conveyance and lack of adequate green and blue infrastructure in the urban centers, the cities have become highly vulnerable to floods, 1

Introduction Flooding is an imperative problem in Kolhapur region of Maharashtra. Most of the river basins and low-lying areas have facing unpredictable flood events due to heavy rainfall and human intervention. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon season in this region results in huge runoff and seasonal tributaries of the rivers. Rainfall-runoff is the primary mechanism of floods at the foothills and lower elevations1. The settlement and agricultural areas are highly damaged due to river act

Introduction With around 240,000 barrels of crude oil being spilled across the Niger Delta on annual basis1, the water bodies of coastal communities within most of Nigeria’s offshore oil and gas installations are often faced with a myriad of environmental and infrastructure-damaging occurrences stemming from associated activities such as crude oil transport and spillage via corroded surface or under-water pipelines, boating emissions, oil bunkering, refuse dumping, industrial effl

Introduction The exploitation of plants, either directly or indirectly to mitigate the contamination of natural resources like soil and groundwater and improve their quality is called phytoremediation. It is found to be a perfect approach and an acceptable way to address the ever-increasing problem of environmental contamination. The accumulation of toxic substances in the soil is a global problem and the development of plant-based technologies exploiting the strategies of biotechnology is