Dear Readers I am glad to present the December issue of the Current World Environment. The editorial of this issue highlights the importance of geographical location of the National Capital Region of Delhi (NCR Delhi) and explains the crucial role of topographical and meteorological conditions in air pollution transport along the Indo-Gangetic Plains upto the Bay of Bengal (BOB). The geographical coordinates of Delhi are 28.7° N, 77.1° E. The National Capi

地下水存在于含水层地下水位以下的饱和土壤和岩石中。含水层是含水渗透岩石、岩石裂缝、砾石、砂、粉土等松散物质的孔隙空间在饱和条件下完全被水填满的亚表层。含水层可以是可再生的水资源，在一段时间内由大气降水补充含水层在垂直和水平方向上具有地下连续性，来源如

Dear Readers, I feel an immense pleasure to write an editorial note for the December 2019 issue of the journal ‘Current World Environment’. The theme of this editorial is the ‘Environmental Archaeology’ highlighting significance of excavation sites, sampling methodology, natural scientific analysis, documentation, contents of reports, and checklist. Archaeology is the study of cultures that lived in antique. It is a subfield of anthropology, the stud

黑海是一个独特的海，有其特点，是土耳其最重要的海。黑海就像一个大实验室，是世界上最有趣的海洋之一，无论是在科学方面还是在非科学方面。虽然土耳其三面环海，但渔业活动主要在黑海进行。黑海生物多样性面临的风险是外来物种的进入、商业渔业和资源的过度利用、污染物特别是

Introduction In a world facing increasing environmental challenges,1 it is important to understand factors underlying human behaviors that create these environmental challenges. Early models of these behaviors – green, pro-environmental, environmentally significant, and other terms have been used – relied on a Knowledge – Action – Behavior model.2,3 With increased interest from policy-makers, land managers, stewards, planners, and other stakeholders int

Introduction Pea (Pisum sativum) is a nutritious, cool season, frost-hardy and one of the most important Rabi pulse has the ability to grow in a wide range of soil and climate. It does not thrive in summer heat or low land tropical climates but, widely cultivated throughout the world in cooler high altitude tropical areas.1, 14 Pea was among the first crops cultivated by primitive man for food, forage and vegetable purpose. It is generally grown for dry seeds which ranked fourth in terms of w

Introduction Vulnerability is the condition that increases the susceptibility of an individual or community to the impact of any disaster. Bangladesh is considered as the most vulnerable country to natural disasters due to its geographical location, fragile economic strength, and high population density.1,2 Almost every year, the country experiences various natural disasters like cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion, floods, landslides, and droughts.3 The geographical location and geomorp

Introduction Particulate matter is an ambient respiratory particle suspended in the air. It has been attracting scientific attention because of its effects on human health (Shahraiyni & Sodoudi, 2016). PM10 (particulate matter with size less than 10 μm) is considered to be one of major air pollutants. One of major sources of PM10 is from biomass burning, brought by haze. This has becoming a typical and reoccurring challenge in Southeast Asia since 1980s (Shaadan et al., 2015).

Introduction Carbon footprint (CF) is a measure of human activities influence on the environment and climate change, and it is divided into two categories, i.e (1) the primary footprint, a measure of direct CO2 emissions from fossil fuels burning, such as from vehicles and transportation, and (2) the secondary footprint, a measure of indirect CO2 emissions, obtained from the life cycle of the products used in life. Both are a measure of energy consumption in a single or collection of activiti

Introduction In order to reduce the adverse effects of solid wastes and undesirable environmental degradation, caused by accumulation of solid waste, proper management becomes important (Rushbrook et al., 1988; Rathi 2006; Ray et al., 2005; Kansal 2002). Population explosion is the major factor which drives the changes in waste quantity and composition in current scenario (Adipah et al., 2019). But, in addition to population changes, economic development, employment changes, household size

Introduction The saying that no water body is pure cannot be overemphasized. No matter how clean water from a natural water body appears through direct physical assessment, it is still believed that it has been affected by pollutants.1-2 Water is vital for the existence and survival of all living organisms.3 However, this valued resource is increasingly being affected by pollution.3-4 Pollution could be inherent from nature or through anthropogenic activities of humans.1 Natural water bod

Introduction Water is a substantial abiotic factor of the ecosystem which is extensively considered as the most valuable of natural resource on the earth’s surface (Gadiga and Garandi, 2018). Lakes offer varied ecological services, including water supply and habitats for many aquatic animals and plants (Ondiba et al., 2018). Water quality indicates the suitability of water to support its purposes for domestic use, agricultural, industrial and nature preservation (Angweya et al.,

Introduction It is an era worldwide which attracts the attention of scientists, policy makers and the society to discover alternative source of energy which is sustainable and is associated with man, animal and nature. Animal rearing practices are essential component of life where there is strong interdependent between cow and man in rural India. Cow generates energy not only in the form of nutrients such as milk but also provides bullock energy and dung. It is dung which is source of renewab

Introduction Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) River is part of the Garang River Basin. The upstream of the BKB River is located at the foothill of Mount Ungaran, Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which includes three Districts, i.e. West Ungaran District, East Ungaran District and Bergas District (Central Bureau of Statistics, Semarang Regency, 2019). The area around BKB watershed majority is used for settlements, industrial areas and drinking water sources (Haeruddin et al., 2019). Many stu

Introduction Water is an essential natural resource for human survival. It is one of the most crucial physical entity responsible for survival of human beings on earth. Water is principally used for drinking purposes and for providing sanitation. The other uses of water includes its involvement in agriculture, livestock rearing and management, domestic supplies and industrial operations. The water is greatly endangered by human activities.1,2,3,4 Freshwater scarcity is a major concern.5,6