Dear Readers I am glad to present before you the April 2019 issue of the journal. I thank all the reviewers, editors and the journal office for their cooperation in the timely publication of the issue. This issue includes diversified articles covering emerging research topics. The theme of this editorial is the threats to the Himalayan Ecosystem which is threatened by expanding local anthropogenic activities and transported pollution. The energy and food needs of mankind have significant i
..各种自然灾害来源的陆地和海洋在地球表面的许多地方已经释放了许多生命和破坏的物质。原因可能是纯粹的自然动力学，就像数百万年前大陆和海洋构造的演变一样。人类活动也可以触发自然动态，例如由于生命活动使用能源和材料而引起的全球变暖导致的气候变化。这些事件是因果网络，如此复杂
..推广公共服务;在日常生活中运用科学信息的能力和愿望是许多科学教育者和科学研究者追求的目标。然而，要实现这一目标，不仅需要对科学概念有一般的了解，还需要对科学证据和主张是如何产生的有敏锐的理解。目前缺乏有关公众生成和解释对环境概念重要数据的能力的数据(见
..)。Introduction In spite of frequent and significant alterations in the past, the earth’s environment has been amazingly constant for the past ten thousand years.1,2 This period is known as Holocene. In the Holocene epoch, nature driven the environmental change, by virtue of that regular temperature, biogeochemical flow, and freshwater availability, all confined within a comparatively narrow range, which allowed human development. But ever since the industrial revolution, the
..前所未有的Nr增加正在引起富营养化、臭氧消耗和气候变化等环境问题。过量的Nr生成还会导致植物和人类健康状况不佳、土壤酸化、地下水污染等。南亚地区人口约占世界的四分之一，土地面积仅占全球陆地总面积的4.9%，却消耗了全球60%的肥料养分。印度是合成pro的最大消费国。
Introduction While modelling the rainfall-runoff process of a basin it is to be noted that this process is highly nonlinear and time-varying. Such properties of this hydrological process indicate that it is always a challenging task to describe it by simple models. In reality, the response of a catchment show high temporal variability throughout the year and this variability depends on rainfall pattern (both temporal and spatial), evaporation, catchment characteristics and many other hydrolog
..流域规划和管理主要基于对流域径流的准确评估和预测。各种研究人员不断努力，通过开发各种模型来准确评估降水产生的径流。在本文中，概念水文MIKE 11 NAM方法被用于开发印度恰蒂斯加尔邦Seonath河流域arpassub -流域的径流模拟模型。NAM模型已使用
进行校准和验证。Introduction Water, the most precious resource of the planet earth assumes vital importance for sustainable environmental health in the present century because of its persistent exploitation across the globe. The deterioration of groundwater and surface water quality is alarmingly high.1 Typically water gets contaminated by various factors such as the population explosion, rapid urbanization and agricultural development, which are continuously contributing to the degradation of the water sour
..今天，由于城市化、工业化、交通等原因导致饮用水质量下降，全球饮用水质量已成为一个环境问题。索兰是一个快速发展的地区和工业中心，最近面临着水传播腹泻病的爆发。因此，本研究在季风和季风后季节对疾病负担地区的水质进行了评估。水源pH值在6.92 ~ 7.43之间，wa
。Introduction Plastics are used in varied applications and have become an integral part of our society. The global cumulative production of plastics for the past 13 years is half the plastics produced from 1950 onwards.1 The global plastic production is also expected to increase in the future. The increasing rate of global plastic consumption for the next 20 years is anticipated to reach the production levels of more than 600 metric tonnes.2 It is an undeniable reality that our mother earth is
..塑料有多种用途，已成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。在过去的半个世纪里，塑料的使用量增加了20倍，预计在未来的20年里还会再翻一番。据全球估计，每年约生产3.3亿吨塑料。塑料的生产、使用和处置成为一个持久的、潜在的环境公害。塑料的不当处理最终进入了我们的环境，导致了污染。
Introduction Experts opine climate change adversely impacts multiple sectors challenging the livelihood and food security of high natural resource-dependent communities, especially fishing communities and fishery-based livelihoods.1 Marine fishery is susceptible to a wide range of climate change implications, which range from ecological impacts, like loss of coastal wetlands, coral bleaching, increased acidification of oceanic water, changes in freshwater inflow,2 to human side impacts, such
..在印度东海岸的奥里萨邦进行了一项研究，目的是评估渔业和农业的脆弱性。生计对气候变化的影响。选择该州作为研究对象，是因为它被认为是受气候变化影响最严重的州之一。我们采访了来自Balasore和Ganjam两个地区的120名渔民，通过考虑他们对气候变化的暴露程度、敏感性和适应能力来评估他们生计的脆弱性。composi < / p > . .
Introduction The natural as well as socioeconomic variability of state Rajasthan which includes water resource management, agriculture, forestry, tourism etc. are highly influenced by a key component of hydrological cycle i.e. precipitation. Therefore, it is necessitated for predicting future precipitation change since it is an input for climate impact model to assess the consequences of global change in the climate. GCMs under climate input model often found inadequate due to the limited dep
..统计降尺度法主要用于将大气环流与地表变量联系起来，用于区域气候的预报和预报。正如我们所知，在拉贾斯坦邦，由于降雨稀少，干旱是最重要的问题。本研究的核心目标是预测降雨变化，并评估多元线性回归(MLR)的适用性，以获取降雨的变化。数据分析使用更高分辨率的大气数据，其中包括dai
。Background Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) alludes to the monitoring of the effects liable to emerge from a noteworthy task (or other activity) essentially influencing the normal and man-made condition.1 The official evaluation of the feasible impacts of a proposed strategy, program or venture on the earth; options in contrast to the proposition; and measures to be received to ensure nature.2 EIA is a procedure for advising chiefs of the potential ecological results of improvement optio
..本案例研究概述了印度古吉拉特邦Kachchh的Deendyal (Kandla)港口信托公司(DPT)和古吉拉特邦矿产开发公司(GMDC)褐煤矿山的环境影响评估(EIA)和环境管理工厂(EMP)过程的一些值得注意的特点。这些关键观点包括任务描述、选项、检查、地球的描述、开放合作、生物物理影响、社会影响、摇摆本质、总体影响评估、观察和介绍，等等。
Introduction India’s economy is dependent on the agricultural production, which in turn is dependent one of the monsoon rainfall and its distribution. The year to year fluctuation in rainfall as well as the fluctuation within the monsoon season governs the crop growth, development and yield. Earlier studies on rainfall probability in India have been carried by many workers (Singh et al., 2009; IMD, 2010 and Halikatti et al., 2010). Rainfall, the main driver of the hydrological cycle
..对长时间降雨记录的分析提供了降雨模式和变率的信息。研究了1958—2017年(60 a)的逐月长期降水资料。此外，降雨研究是理解气候变化的本质和行为的最大工具。在本研究中，研究了1958-2017年降雨量、最大降雨强度和雨天的趋势。长期数据分析60年(1958-2017)的年度数据表明，有一个迹象
..Introduction Problems with indoor air quality are important risk factors of human health in low-, middle and high-income countries.1,2 The concentrations of certain pollutants in indoor air may be 2 to 5 times and occasionally more than 100 times higher than those in outdoor air.3,4 An indoor environment has numerous emission sources, such as materials, temperature, humidity, ventilation, air exchange between outdoor and indoor environments, human activities,5, 6 topography, micro-en
..在马来西亚，清真寺的主祈祷大厅通常使用地毯作为装饰地板材料。在清洁地毯方面，扫地是最受欢迎的方法，但它直接引发了可能含有细菌和真菌的灰尘的上升。清扫活动和通风策略(空调分体式单元(acsu)或主动通风(非acsu))可以影响细菌和真菌生长的流行。本研究旨在建立细菌总数，总
…Introduction Urban lakes are inland aquatic systems supporting ecosystem through biodiversity sustenance and acts as a source of water in lean season. Recently, urban lakes are in the merge of extinction due to encroachments, siltation as well as eutrophication from domestic and industrial effluents.1 The lakes in Bengaluru are also facing similar problems as indicated by satellite images and information available with Survey of India.1,2 These are subjected to varying degrees of degradation
..在湖中浸泡彩绘神像和倾倒有机废物，作为宗教活动的一部分，极大地加剧了水质的恶化。造像涂料中碱性、碱土金属和重金属的掺入可能会提高这些地表水体水体的硬度和重金属浓度，从而导致水质恶化。在这个范围内，对Nagavara和Ulsoor湖的水进行了定期分析，以投资
。Introduction In agrarian countries like Pakistan, the amount of organic waste in solid waste is up to 75%. Most of the organic waste is dumped into dumping site without any segregation.1 Considering the lower economic status of Pakistan’s farming community, high capital investment often leads to lower quantity application. These are the reasons why the application of organic soil inputs even over a period of years has not been able to regenerate healthy soil to attain sustainable pr
..在巴基斯坦等发展中国家，有机废物产量相对较高。堆肥是克服与有机废物管理有关的问题的一个很好的选择。从固体废物中产生的堆肥应符合土壤标准，以确保对植物有益。这项研究的目的是确定在该国不同地区的农业用地上使用的堆肥的质量。在研究区域，市售的堆肥是由win
制备的。Introduction Rivers are a much-valued feature of the natural ecosystem as these perform numerous vital functions. However, owing to its indiscriminate utilization due to the population explosion and various developmental activities, this vital resource is now under tremendous pressure. Additionally, a meeting of diverse water necessities for irrigation, human and industrial consumption has become a challenge. Further, the rapidly expanding industrialization and urbanization have also exhauste
..锡尔萨河流经喜马偕尔邦索兰区的巴迪巴罗提瓦拉那拉加尔(BBN)工业区的中部。这条河的水被农民用来灌溉农田。该地区的农民和其他居民指出，河谷地区日益增加的工业和城市化活动是造成河水污染的原因。因此，这些报告促使我们进行这项研究来评估河流的水适宜性
。Introduction Renewable energy is not only an alternative clean and environmentally friendly source of energy, but rather it is a real need especially during large scale crisis due to the possibility of its local control and operation. Photovoltaic (PV) systems, among other renewable and new energy sources, can be considered as the most available renewable source in Syria. However, maximum harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics of PV system is not fixed, but r
..利用可再生资源为现代电力系统供电，由于其可持续性和低运行成本，最近有所增加。光伏(PV)系统似乎是一个很好的解决方案，因为它可以在当地建立和运行。然而，这些系统的最大输出功率通常是通过使用最大太阳和功率点(MPP)跟踪技术来实现的。本文提出了一种新的基于遗传算法(GA)的技术来获得最大输出
。